Combined MPG (or MPGe for electric vehicles) is the EPA's headline efficiency figure. It blends a city test cycle and a highway test cycle, weighted 55% city and 45% highway, into a single number that lets you compare cars across the entire dataset.

Electric vehicles dominate the very top of the ranking because moving electrons through a motor is several times more efficient than burning gasoline. If you are shopping for a regular gasoline car, scroll down to the second table, which excludes battery-electric vehicles.

All 2003 vehicles, including electric

Every 2003 model year vehicle the EPA rated, sorted by combined MPG from highest to lowest. Battery electric vehicles use MPGe, which converts their electricity use into a gasoline-equivalent figure so the ranking remains on a single scale.

# Make and model Combined MPG(e) Annual fuel cost
1 Toyota RAV4 EV 78 MPG $950
2 Honda Insight 47 MPG $1,250
3 Honda Civic Hybrid 41 MPG $1,450
4 Toyota Prius 41 MPG $1,450
5 Volkswagen Golf 33 MPG $2,450
6 Volkswagen Jetta 33 MPG $2,450
7 Volkswagen Jetta Wagon 33 MPG $2,450
8 Volkswagen New Beetle 33 MPG $2,450
9 Honda Civic 32 MPG $1,850
10 Toyota Echo 31 MPG $1,950
11 Honda Civic CNG 28 MPG $1,600
12 Toyota Celica 28 MPG $2,150
13 Toyota Corolla 28 MPG $2,150
14 Nissan Sentra 27 MPG $2,200
15 Pontiac Vibe 27 MPG $2,200
16 Toyota Matrix 27 MPG $2,200
17 Acura RSX 26 MPG $2,300
18 Ford Focus 26 MPG $2,300
19 Ford Focus Station Wagon 26 MPG $2,300
20 Hyundai Accent/Brio 26 MPG $2,300
21 Chevrolet Cavalier 25 MPG $2,400
22 Dodge Neon/SRT-4/SX 2.0 25 MPG $2,400
23 Ford Escort ZX2 25 MPG $2,400
24 Honda Accord 25 MPG $2,400
25 Hyundai Elantra 25 MPG $2,400
26 Kia Rio 25 MPG $2,400
27 MINI Cooper 25 MPG $2,750
28 MINI Cooper S 25 MPG $2,750
29 Oldsmobile Alero 25 MPG $2,400
30 Pontiac Grand Am 25 MPG $2,400
31 Pontiac Sunfire 25 MPG $2,400
32 Pontiac Vibe AWD 25 MPG $2,400
33 Suzuki Aerio 25 MPG $2,400
34 Suzuki Aerio SX 25 MPG $2,400
35 Toyota Matrix AWD 25 MPG $2,400
36 Toyota MR2 25 MPG $2,400
37 Chevrolet Cavalier Dual-fuel 24 MPG $2,500
38 Mazda 6 24 MPG $2,500
39 Mazda Protege/Protege 5 24 MPG $2,500
40 Saturn Ion 24 MPG $2,500
41 Saturn L200 24 MPG $2,500
42 Saturn LW200 24 MPG $2,500
43 Toyota Camry 24 MPG $2,500
44 Toyota Camry Solara 24 MPG $2,500
45 Audi A4 23 MPG $3,000
46 Audi A4 Cabriolet 23 MPG $3,000
47 Daewoo Lanos 23 MPG $2,600
48 Hyundai Tiburon 23 MPG $2,600
49 Mercedes-Benz C230 Kompressor 23 MPG $3,000
50 Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder 23 MPG $2,600
51 Mitsubishi Lancer 23 MPG $2,600
52 Nissan Altima 23 MPG $2,600
53 Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan 23 MPG $2,600
54 Suzuki Aerio 4WD 23 MPG $2,600
55 Suzuki Aerio SX 4WD 23 MPG $2,600
56 Toyota Camry Solara Convertible 23 MPG $2,600
57 Toyota RAV4 2WD 23 MPG $2,600
58 Volkswagen New Beetle Convertible 23 MPG $2,600
59 Volkswagen Passat 23 MPG $3,000
60 Volkswagen Passat Wagon 23 MPG $3,000
61 Chevrolet Impala 22 MPG $2,700
62 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 22 MPG $2,700
63 Chevrolet Tracker 2WD Convertible 22 MPG $2,700
64 Chevrolet Tracker 2WD Hardtop 22 MPG $2,700
65 Chrysler Concorde/LHS 22 MPG $2,700
66 Chrysler Sebring 4 Door 22 MPG $2,700
67 Chrysler Sebring Convertible 22 MPG $2,700
68 Dodge Intrepid 22 MPG $2,700
69 Dodge Stratus 4 Door 22 MPG $2,700
70 Ford Escape 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
71 Ford Ranger Pickup 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
72 Honda CR-V 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
73 Hyundai Sonata 22 MPG $2,700
74 Kia Optima 22 MPG $2,700
75 Kia Spectra 22 MPG $2,700
76 London Taxi London Taxi 22 MPG $3,700
77 Mazda B2300 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
78 Mazda MX-5 Miata 22 MPG $3,150
79 Mazda Tribute 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
80 Mercedes-Benz SLK230 Kompressor 22 MPG $3,150
81 Saturn Vue FWD 22 MPG $2,700
82 Subaru Legacy/Outback Wagon AWD 22 MPG $2,700
83 Toyota Avalon 22 MPG $2,700
84 Toyota Highlander 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
85 Toyota RAV4 4WD 22 MPG $2,700
86 Volkswagen GTI 22 MPG $3,150
87 Volvo S40 FWD 22 MPG $3,150
88 Volvo V40 22 MPG $3,150
89 Acura 3.2TL 21 MPG $3,300
90 Audi A4 Avant quattro 21 MPG $3,300
91 Audi A4 quattro 21 MPG $3,300
92 Audi A6 21 MPG $3,300
93 Audi TT Coupe 21 MPG $3,300
94 Audi TT Coupe quattro 21 MPG $3,300
95 Audi TT Roadster 21 MPG $3,300
96 Audi TT Roadster quattro 21 MPG $3,300
97 BMW 325ci 21 MPG $3,300
98 BMW 325i 21 MPG $3,300
99 BMW 325i Sport Wagon 21 MPG $3,300
100 BMW 525i 21 MPG $3,300

Most efficient 2003 gasoline cars

The same 2003 ranking with battery electric vehicles removed. Hybrids and plug-in hybrids appear because they run primarily on gasoline. This is the table to use when shopping for a conventional car, since comparing a pure EV to a regular gas car on a per-gallon basis tends to mislead more than it informs.

# Make and model Combined MPG Annual fuel cost
1 Honda Insight 47 MPG $1,250
2 Honda Civic Hybrid 41 MPG $1,450
3 Toyota Prius 41 MPG $1,450
4 Volkswagen Golf 33 MPG $2,450
5 Volkswagen Jetta 33 MPG $2,450
6 Volkswagen Jetta Wagon 33 MPG $2,450
7 Volkswagen New Beetle 33 MPG $2,450
8 Honda Civic 32 MPG $1,850
9 Toyota Echo 31 MPG $1,950
10 Honda Civic CNG 28 MPG $1,600
11 Toyota Celica 28 MPG $2,150
12 Toyota Corolla 28 MPG $2,150
13 Nissan Sentra 27 MPG $2,200
14 Pontiac Vibe 27 MPG $2,200
15 Toyota Matrix 27 MPG $2,200
16 Acura RSX 26 MPG $2,300
17 Ford Focus 26 MPG $2,300
18 Ford Focus Station Wagon 26 MPG $2,300
19 Hyundai Accent/Brio 26 MPG $2,300
20 Chevrolet Cavalier 25 MPG $2,400
21 Dodge Neon/SRT-4/SX 2.0 25 MPG $2,400
22 Ford Escort ZX2 25 MPG $2,400
23 Honda Accord 25 MPG $2,400
24 Hyundai Elantra 25 MPG $2,400
25 Kia Rio 25 MPG $2,400
26 MINI Cooper 25 MPG $2,750
27 MINI Cooper S 25 MPG $2,750
28 Oldsmobile Alero 25 MPG $2,400
29 Pontiac Grand Am 25 MPG $2,400
30 Pontiac Sunfire 25 MPG $2,400
31 Pontiac Vibe AWD 25 MPG $2,400
32 Suzuki Aerio 25 MPG $2,400
33 Suzuki Aerio SX 25 MPG $2,400
34 Toyota Matrix AWD 25 MPG $2,400
35 Toyota MR2 25 MPG $2,400
36 Chevrolet Cavalier Dual-fuel 24 MPG $2,500
37 Mazda 6 24 MPG $2,500
38 Mazda Protege/Protege 5 24 MPG $2,500
39 Saturn Ion 24 MPG $2,500
40 Saturn L200 24 MPG $2,500
41 Saturn LW200 24 MPG $2,500
42 Toyota Camry 24 MPG $2,500
43 Toyota Camry Solara 24 MPG $2,500
44 Audi A4 23 MPG $3,000
45 Audi A4 Cabriolet 23 MPG $3,000
46 Daewoo Lanos 23 MPG $2,600
47 Hyundai Tiburon 23 MPG $2,600
48 Mercedes-Benz C230 Kompressor 23 MPG $3,000
49 Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder 23 MPG $2,600
50 Mitsubishi Lancer 23 MPG $2,600
51 Nissan Altima 23 MPG $2,600
52 Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan 23 MPG $2,600
53 Suzuki Aerio 4WD 23 MPG $2,600
54 Suzuki Aerio SX 4WD 23 MPG $2,600
55 Toyota Camry Solara Convertible 23 MPG $2,600
56 Toyota RAV4 2WD 23 MPG $2,600
57 Volkswagen New Beetle Convertible 23 MPG $2,600
58 Volkswagen Passat 23 MPG $3,000
59 Volkswagen Passat Wagon 23 MPG $3,000
60 Chevrolet Impala 22 MPG $2,700
61 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 22 MPG $2,700
62 Chevrolet Tracker 2WD Convertible 22 MPG $2,700
63 Chevrolet Tracker 2WD Hardtop 22 MPG $2,700
64 Chrysler Concorde/LHS 22 MPG $2,700
65 Chrysler Sebring 4 Door 22 MPG $2,700
66 Chrysler Sebring Convertible 22 MPG $2,700
67 Dodge Intrepid 22 MPG $2,700
68 Dodge Stratus 4 Door 22 MPG $2,700
69 Ford Escape 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
70 Ford Ranger Pickup 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
71 Honda CR-V 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
72 Hyundai Sonata 22 MPG $2,700
73 Kia Optima 22 MPG $2,700
74 Kia Spectra 22 MPG $2,700
75 London Taxi London Taxi 22 MPG $3,700
76 Mazda B2300 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
77 Mazda MX-5 Miata 22 MPG $3,150
78 Mazda Tribute 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
79 Mercedes-Benz SLK230 Kompressor 22 MPG $3,150
80 Saturn Vue FWD 22 MPG $2,700
81 Subaru Legacy/Outback Wagon AWD 22 MPG $2,700
82 Toyota Avalon 22 MPG $2,700
83 Toyota Highlander 2WD 22 MPG $2,700
84 Toyota RAV4 4WD 22 MPG $2,700
85 Volkswagen GTI 22 MPG $3,150
86 Volvo S40 FWD 22 MPG $3,150
87 Volvo V40 22 MPG $3,150
88 Acura 3.2TL 21 MPG $3,300
89 Audi A4 Avant quattro 21 MPG $3,300
90 Audi A4 quattro 21 MPG $3,300
91 Audi A6 21 MPG $3,300
92 Audi TT Coupe 21 MPG $3,300
93 Audi TT Coupe quattro 21 MPG $3,300
94 Audi TT Roadster 21 MPG $3,300
95 Audi TT Roadster quattro 21 MPG $3,300
96 BMW 325ci 21 MPG $3,300
97 BMW 325i 21 MPG $3,300
98 BMW 325i Sport Wagon 21 MPG $3,300
99 BMW 525i 21 MPG $3,300
100 BMW Z4 Roadster 21 MPG $3,300

Source: U.S. EPA fuel economy dataset.